What instrument is used to elevate soft tissue from the bone during surgical procedures?

The instrument used to elevate soft tissue from the bone during surgical procedures is the periosteal elevator. This tool has a specific design that allows it to separate the periosteum—a dense layer of connective tissue enveloping the bones—from the underlying bone. The sharp edge of the periosteal elevator provides the necessary leverage to gently lift and retract soft tissues, which is particularly important in surgical contexts where visibility and access to the bone are critical for successful outcomes.

The other instruments listed serve different purposes: the bone file is primarily used for smoothing bone surfaces, the chisel is designed for cutting or shaping hard tissues, and cow horn forceps are utilized mainly for extracting teeth. Each of these tools has a specific function that does not overlap with the role of the periosteal elevator in elevating soft tissue.